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Question Paper July 2021 and evaluation scheme

 

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Mathematics for Machine Learning- CST 284 - KTU Minor Notes - Dr Binu V P

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1.1 Solving system of equations using Gauss Elimination Method

Elementary Transformations Key to solving a system of linear equations are elementary transformations that keep the solution set the same, but that transform the equation system into a simpler form: Exchange of two equations (rows in the matrix representing the system of equations) Multiplication of an equation (row) with a constant  Addition of two equations (rows) Add a scalar multiple of one row to the other. Row Echelon Form A matrix is in row-echelon form if All rows that contain only zeros are at the bottom of the matrix; correspondingly,all rows that contain at least one nonzero element are on top of rows that contain only zeros. Looking at nonzero rows only, the first nonzero number from the left pivot (also called the pivot or the leading coefficient) is always strictly to the right of the  pivot of the row above it. The row-echelon form is where the leading (first non-zero) entry of each row has only zeroes below it. These leading entries are called pivots Example: $\begin

4.3 Sum Rule, Product Rule, and Bayes’ Theorem

 We think of probability theory as an extension to logical reasoning Probabilistic modeling  provides a principled foundation for designing machine learning methods. Once we have defined probability distributions corresponding to the uncertainties of the data and our problem, it turns out that there are only two fundamental rules, the sum rule and the product rule. Let $p(x,y)$ is the joint distribution of the two random variables $x, y$. The distributions $p(x)$ and $p(y)$ are the corresponding marginal distributions, and $p(y |x)$ is the conditional distribution of $y$ given $x$. Sum Rule The addition rule states the probability of two events is the sum of the probability that either will happen minus the probability that both will happen. The addition rule is: $P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)$ Suppose $A$ and $B$ are disjoint, their intersection is empty. Then the probability of their intersection is zero. In symbols:  $P(A∩B)=0$  The addition law then simplifies to: $P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)$  wh